Opis
The aim of this monograph is to present the research methods, system construction and algorithms used in solving problems related to electrical impedance tomography, electrical capacitance tomography, ultrasound tomography and radio tomography. The book presents the complex systems for environmental, industrial and medical tomography. The work shows the reconstruction of images using various tomographic techniques and reconstruction algorithms. Depending on specific technological tomography, both the advantages and disadvantages may be observed in terms of the accuracy, frequency and resolution of the reproduced images. A knowledge of the characteristics of each tomographic technique allows you to choose the appropriate method of image reconstruction. The proposed solutions consist of a central processing unit, a set of sensors (devices) and software that uses cloud computing and a Big Data cluster to process, visualize and analyse data. The presented projects are based on the construction of a cyber-physical distributed system for acquiring, processing and reconstructing the image of measurement data. Industrial tomography facilitates the observation of physical and chemical phenomena without the need for internal penetration. Process tomography presents the possibility to analyse processes taking place inside the facility without disturbing production, and the analysis and detection of obstacles, defects and various anomalies. The presented measuring system has a specially designed measuring structure (including electrodes, thanks to which it is an innovative solution in the field, particularly effective in analysis). There is a clear tendency in industry to implement more optimally related functions with an emphasis on active inspection and monitoring. Control methods include issues related to the processing of data obtained from various sensors located in nodes. Monitoring takes place within the scope of acquired and processed data and parameter automation. The main purpose of this work is to design a system for data acquisition and analysis by image reconstruction for various tomographic methods (resistance, capacitance, ultrasound, radio). The smart tomographic measurement systems included measuring devices, distributed systems, algorithms and applications for image reconstruction. Several types of reconstruction algorithms and models are explored in this book. With a knowledge of the characteristics of each tomographic technique solution, the application allows to choose the appropriate method of image reconstruction. Inverse problem is the process of identifying optimization or synthesis, wherein the objective is to determine the parameters describing the data field. This book presents a non-destructive method to examine the condition of objects such as brick walls, flood embankments, landfills, airbricks, pipelines, reactors, human body and similar objects.
This book is organized as follows. Chapter 1 is a short introduction to the issues of tomography, a description of given problems and information on complex systems. Chapter 2 presents a numerical analysis for solving a forward problem and an inverse problem. Several tomographic methods used in the research in this book are described in chapter 3. The selection of algorithms and numerical methods for optimization problems is a key element in tomographic imaging, the next chapter 4 is devoted to this. Chapter 5 is a key element of the book because it presents research on prototypes and complex application systems.
I wish to express his gratitude to my colleagues from Research and Development Center who carry out research projects under my leadership helping with implement the designed scientific concepts in practice. I would also like to thank the reviewers for a favourable insightful review and valuable comments that influenced this edition. Finally, I would like to thank my wife for their support in my research work.
The book was based on research carried out by the author at the Netrix S.A Research and Development Center, and the Institute of Computer Science and Innovative Technologies at the University of Economics and Innovation in Lublin, Poland.
